编者按：国外专家学者“齐鲁访学驻研计划”是为贯彻落实习近平主席提出的全球文明倡议，深化文明交流互鉴，由山东省委宣传部指导，ray雷竞技官网、雷竞技ray官网下载基金会、山东大学共同发起，山东出版集团大力支持，立足山东儒家文化资源富集优势，架设国际人文交流合作桥梁的一项重要举措。

近日，“齐鲁访学驻研计划”学者、意大利联合校园大学副教授杜斯佩（Giuseppe Ginepro）接受雷竞技ray官网下载网专访，分享其对中西文化交流的感悟和见解。

“齐鲁访学驻研计划”学者、意大利联合校园大学副教授杜斯佩（Giuseppe Ginepro）

Q:How did you establish a connection with Chinese culture? What do you think is the most attractive trait of Chinese culture to you?

雷竞技ray官网下载网：您是如何与中国文化建立联系的？你认为中国文化最吸引人的特质是什么？

ANS:The multiplicity of aspects that attracted me to the study of Chinese culture ranges from the insight and profundity of Confucian and Daoist philosophy to the interest in society and history in China. The dialogical relations with different civilizations were one of the aspects which occupied much of my studies since my early engagement in Chinese political philosophy. The diversity and uniqueness of Chinese heritage impressed me from an all-round perspective, the fine arts, the richness in reflection as well as in applied thinking. My first encounter was with Late Confucianism, a practical wisdom for scholar-officials inspired by the ideals of Song-Ming Lixue. But the brightness of the sources of Chinese civilization dragged me from the modern and the medieval (especially Tang and Song) to the early stages of Chinese history and culture, and so from Zeng Guofan to Zhu Xi, Zhou Dunyi, Mengzi and the Yijing. After that, seeking to familiarize with the roots of Chinese thought, I tried to reconnect, as Confucius would say, all I learned in “one thread passing all through”. I was fascinated by the idea that Chinese Ancient Civilization could still be a great power for today's China, displaying wisdom in all directions. And at that point I began to read about Zhuangzi and Laozi, Han Fei and Xunzi, streams that I found equally insightful. I am convinced that the strongest traits of Chinese culture are still in the wisdom of matching particulars with the whole, in a holistic and situated understanding - sought from the origins to the time of Jin Yuelin and Feng Youlan, for instance.

杜斯佩：吸引我研究中国文化的有诸多方面，包括儒家和道家哲学的洞见和深度，还有我对中国社会和历史的兴趣。自从我早期从事中国政治哲学研究以来，与不同文明的对话关系是我大部分研究的一个方面。从全方位角度来看，中国遗产的多样性和独特性给我留下了深刻的印象，不仅是艺术，还带有丰富的反思和应用型思维。我最早接触的是晚期儒学，这是一种受宋明理学启发形成的士大夫的实践智慧。然而，中华文明源泉的光辉将我从现代和中世纪（尤其是唐宋）带入到中国历史文化的早期阶段，因此我从曾国藩研究到朱熹、周敦颐、再到孟子和《易经》。在那之后，为了熟悉中国思想的根源，我试图将我所学到的一切重新连贯起来，就像孔子所说的那样“一以贯之”。中国古代文明仍然可以成就当今中国强国，并且在各个层面展示自身的智慧，我对此看法感到着迷。那时我开始阅读关于庄子和老子、韩非和荀子的文章，我觉得这些流派同样有见地。我坚信，中国文化最强大的特征仍然在于将细节与整体相匹配的智慧，在于对整体大局和个体位序的理解——这是从起初一直到金岳霖和冯友兰时代都在寻求的理解。

Q: As a visiting scholar of the “Qilu Visiting Research Residency Program”, what are your expectations for visiting and studying in Shandong? If you are currently conducting a research residency, please share your feelings.

雷竞技ray官网下载网：作为“齐鲁访学驻研计划”的访问学者，您对来山东访学有什么期望？如果您目前正在进行驻研，请分享您的感受。

ANS:While my research and visit are just to begin, I can express expectations on different sides. First, I am well impressed by the reach of Qilu culture and admire the potential that Confucius and Chinese cultural tradition can contribute to the hardest challenges the world is facing. From the great transitions - eco-environmental and digital - to the renovation of values and education, passing from global governance. Shandong has been so long the cradle of powerful ideas, that help us to understand and cope with these challenges that nearly every practical issue has been dealt in its philosophical heritage. Another point I think relevant to the Qilu experience and I profoundly support is the sentiment of admiration for the exemplarity of the values conveyed by the original framework which can be derived from ancient Chinese philosophy. Axiology and ontology are transformed into the discourse of zoetology and the study of wisdom, which open new avenues of learning and practice for the whole world. As a Qilu Visiting and Research scholar I not only personally support the exemplarity of thought and conduct, but I desire to contribute to the spread and translation of those values worldwide. The modernization and global civilization we now need lives in those values: it the responsibility of all philosophers and social scientists to upheld them. Personally, I would regret not being in first line for this noble enterprise.

杜斯佩：虽然我的研究和访问才刚刚开始，但我可以从不同方面表达我的期许。首先，齐鲁文化的影响力给我留下了深刻的印象，我很钦佩孔子和中国文化传统可以为世界面临的最严峻挑战做出贡献的潜力，包括从生态环境和数字化伟大转型到价值观和教育的革新，再到全球治理等方面。长期以来，山东一直是伟大思想的摇篮，这些思想帮助我们理解和应对各种挑战，以至于几乎所有实际问题都在中国的哲学遗产中得到了处理。我认为与齐鲁经历有关并且我深深支持的一点是，我对中国原初框架所传达的价值观之典范的钦佩之情，这种价值观可以源自中国古代哲学。价值论和本体论被转化为生生论和智慧研究的话语，为全世界开辟了新的学习和实践途径。作为齐鲁访问学者，我不仅个人支持这一思想和行为的典范框架，而且我希望为这些价值观在世界范围的传播和转化做出贡献。我们现在需要的现代化和全球文明就存在于这些价值观中：所有哲学家和社会科学家都有责任维护这些价值观。就我个人而言，我很遗憾没有成为这项崇高事业的第一线工作者。

Q: The theme of this year's Nishan Forum on World Civilizations is “Beauty in Diversity: Nurturing Understanding Among Civilizations for Global Modernization”. How do you understand the core meaning of this topic?

雷竞技ray官网下载网：今年尼山世界文明论坛的主题是“各美其美美美与共：培育不同文明之间的理解，促进全球现代化”。您如何理解这个主题的核心含义？

ANS:If beauty and order are the root of civilization, diversity represent the flourishing of its branches. Nurturing those branches takes both devotion, effort, and cultivation: all the practices which Chinese philosophy and culture refined over millennia. Established this metaphor for civilization and its flourishing we may ask how to relate the different branches of civilization. Understanding passes through the contact between branches but is accomplished only by returning to the essence of civilization. Beauty and order constitute the root as we asserted at the beginning of this reflection, so it is necessary to advance the cooperation for a common understanding of beauty and order and finally reach a common outlook for a shared future. It is not that the common root has yet to be developed, we only need to cultivate our consciousness of its existence. If we recognize the importance of self-conscious understanding of civilizations, then we will also endorse the commitment to a global modernization which spreads the consciousness of one common root and one common future for all human beings. Tu Weiming’s continuity of being we should all come to agree, does not only apply to heaven, earth and humanbeingsin the ontological way, but extends to thebecomingof the community of human beings and the entire world in a shared future. This modernization contributed to a holistic theory of cooperation, which I believe essential to the existence and flourishing of the world. For all this, the 11th Nishan Forum on World Civilizations gathers ideas and minds to address what we should call a turning point of world civilization - an ordering of parts into a whole, in a global setting weary of its distress and anxious tounite. Beauty in this sense is our harmonious unity.

杜斯佩：如果说美丽和秩序是文明的根源，那么多样性则代表着文明枝条的繁荣。培育这些枝条需要奉献、努力和修炼：这些都是中国哲学和文化几千年来提炼出来的实践之道。建立了文明及其繁荣后，我们可能会问如何将文明的不同分支联系起来。我认为，相互理解是通过分支之间的接触来实现的，但只有回归文明的本质才能完成全部。正如我们在本次反思开始时所主张的那样，美与秩序构成了根源，因此有必要推进合作，以达成对美与秩序的共同理解，并最终达成共同的未来观。这并不是说共同根源还没有被开发出来，我们只需要培养出对于它的存在意识。如果我们认识到对文明的自觉理解的重要性，那么我们也将支持对全球现代化的承诺，即传播全人类的共同根源和共同的未来意识。杜维明的“存在连续性”认为我们都应该是一致的，不仅适用于天、地和人类的本体论，而且延伸到人类和整个世界在共同未来中的形成方式。这种现代化有助于形成整体合作理论，我认为这对世界的存在和繁荣至关重要。尽管如此，第 11 届尼山世界文明论坛汇集了各种，以解决我们该称之为世界文明转折点的问题——大家在全球环境中厌倦了痛苦并渴望团结起来，将各个部分整合成一个整体。从这个意义上说，美是我们和谐的统一体。

Q: What positive role do you think the Nishan Forum on World Civilizations has played in promoting cultural exchange, mutual learning, and dialogue among civilizations?

雷竞技ray官网下载网：您认为尼山世界文明论坛在促进不同文明之间的文化交流、互鉴和对话方面发挥了哪些积极作用？

ANS:The Nishan Forum on World Civilizations represents the essential work of fostering dialogue and mutual learning among cultures through the impressive initiative it supports with resolute and continuative efforts. Combining academic and practitioners’ insight in an inseparable body, Nishan Forum cultivates the sentiments of cooperation, harmony and understanding at the base of the best projects for intercultural philosophy. Moreover, Nishan builds a discourse which I think pivotal for renewing and advancing human relations in a global framework. Tolerance and mutuality are only two of the thick concepts that the Forum enriches in their meaning and concreteness. Thought and action come together in Nishan not only to exchange insights, but also to take measures which deepen the spirit of learning that Qilu culture always defended. The intersections of wisdoms, the connection of thoughts, the combinations of form of life all radiate from this Forum. Improving mutual understanding among civilizations will demand to maintain and expand the Forum, with coordinated initiatives in all continents and engaging the widest array of stakeholders. Our common future unfolds in this dialogue of civilizations: Nishan Forum of World Civilizations therefore cultivates a dialogue of harmony and unity which I think the most relevant in all fields.

杜斯佩：尼山世界文明论坛代表了促进不同文化间对话和相互学习的重要工作，它以坚定而持续的努力，不断支持令人印象深刻的倡议。尼山论坛将学术界和从业者的洞察力结合在一个不可分割的平台中，在跨文化哲学的最佳的项目基础上，培养合作、和谐和相互理解的情感。此外，尼山论坛构建了一种话语，我认为这对于在全球框架中更新和推进人际关系至关重要。宽容和互惠这两个厚重的概念，在论坛中丰富了其意义和具体所指。思想和行动在尼山汇聚在一起，不仅是为了相互交流见解，也是为了努力加深齐鲁文化一直捍卫的学习精神。智慧的交汇、思想的交汇、生命形式的组合，都从这个论坛中散发出来。增进不同文明之间的相互理解需要维护和扩大论坛，在各大洲采取协调一致的举措，并吸引最广泛的利益相关方进行参与。我们共同的未来在这场文明对话中展开：因此，尼山世界文明论坛促进了一场和谐与团结的对话，我认为这与各个领域都是相关的。

Q:This forum also has sub topics related to "Confucian culture, family ethics, traditional Chinese medicine culture, Confucian financial culture, water resource utilization and protection, artificial intelligence development, world cultural heritage protection and utilization". Have your academic research been involved? Please choose one to express your opinions.

雷竞技ray官网下载网：本届论坛还设有“儒家文化、家风、中医文化、儒家金融文化、水资源利用与保护、人工智能开发、世界文化遗产保护与利用”相关的分议题。您的学术研究是否参与其中？请选择一个来表达您的意见。

ANS:Many sub-topics the forum addresses jointly interact with my research. Confucian culture, family ethics, artificial intelligence development, and world cultural heritage protection among the one’s referenced. I would like to briefly discuss the topic of artificial intelligence, since I did not touch in it in the other reflections. Generative AI impressed the public to a degree that few discoveries did in the past. The reason is that AI’s production does not replicate something we in fact comprehensively designed but generates from an input a completely new output. And this is not all, in a 2024 paper on “The Cartesian Society” I discuss the issue of predictability and human agency along with the AI empowered technology of network analysis. To my knowledge, no one made yet the connection in the global public discourse. AI technology not only seemingly acts as a rational individual, it can also smartly interact with a network of agency to predict what other actors will do - or even think. This is the skill at the basis of winning a chess match or targeting preferences online. No one considered another perspective to AI, what if AI could help us positively in building a community of minds and hearts that in conduct and in understanding converges on shared certainties instead than clashing on divisive contrasts. I am sure that polarization would benefit from a comprehensive interaction and connection, which seems now beyond the purpose of generative AI. I look to developments convinced that our dialogue on the theory and engagement in the practice is now more than necessary.

杜斯佩：论坛讨论的许多子主题与我的研究是有互动的。儒家文化、家庭伦理、人工智能发展和世界文化遗产保护等都是我的参考。我想简要讨论一下人工智能的话题，因为我在其他反思中没有涉及它。生成式 AI 给公众留下了深刻的印象，其程度在过去很少能做到。原因是 AI 的生产并没有复制我们现实中全面设计的东西，而是从输入中生成一个全新的输出。这还不是全部，在 2024 年一篇关于“笛卡尔社会”的论文中，我讨论了可预测性和人类能动性的话题，以及 AI 赋能的网络分析技术。据我所知，还没有人在全球公共话语中建立相关联系。人工智能技术不仅看起来是一个理性的个体，它还可以智能地与代理网络进行互动，以预测其他行为者会做什么——甚至会怎么想。这是人工智能赢得国际象棋比赛或在线定位偏好的基础技能。没有人曾经考虑过人工智能的另一种观点，即，如果人工智能可以积极地帮助我们建立一个思想和心灵的社区，在行为和理解上趋同于共同的确定性，而不是在分裂的对比上发生冲突，那会怎样？我确信两极分化将受益于全面的互动和联系，这现在似乎超出了生成式 AI 的目的。我期待着事态发展，相信我们的理论对话和实践参与都是非常必要的。

Q:Have you been invited to deliver a keynote speech on the forum? If so, could you briefly outline your core points and their connotations.

雷竞技ray官网下载网：您是否受邀在论坛上发表主题演讲？如果是这样，您能否简要概述一下您的核心观点及其内涵。

ANS:My talk would deal with Cultivating Harmony, Cultivating Beauty”, a framework to understand exemplarity in Chinese and analytic traditions as a global common strengthening prosperous development and building the essential mutuality of “co-becoming”.

杜斯佩：我的演讲将涉及 Cultivating Harmony， Cultivating Beauty培育和谐培育美”，这是把中国的典范和分析传统理解为一种全球共同的框架，加强繁荣发展，并建立“共生”的基本互惠关系。​